Which of the following is an example of a vendor providing historical and time series data?

The correct choice highlights Factset as a vendor that specializes in providing historical and time series financial data. Factset offers a comprehensive suite of tools and data services that allow financial analysts and investment professionals to access extensive historical datasets, analyze trends over time, and make informed financial decisions. The ability to obtain time series data, which tracks data points over specific intervals, is crucial for conducting performance analysis, modeling, and forecasting.

In contrast, Bloomberg is also known for providing similar data, but the question specifically highlights Factset's offerings. Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan, while being prominent financial institutions, primarily focus on investment banking and brokerage services rather than being dedicated vendors of historical and time series financial data. Hence, the selection of Factset as the correct answer is justified by its established role in providing detailed financial historical data and analytics.