Which statement best defines quantum computing?

The statement that best defines quantum computing emphasizes the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena. Quantum computing leverages principles such as superposition and entanglement, which are fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. This distinction allows quantum computers to perform certain types of calculations more efficiently than classical computers, which operate on binary logic.

Unlike the other options, which either describe conventional computing methods or unrelated concepts, the correct definition highlights the innovative and theoretical framework of quantum computing. By utilizing quantum states, quantum computers can represent and process information in ways that classical systems cannot, making them potentially powerful tools for solving complex problems across various fields such as cryptography, materials science, and optimization.