Which type of data reflects an entity’s past borrowing and repayment history?

The correct choice is indicative of a measure that captures an entity's historical financial behavior, particularly with respect to debt. Credit ratings provide an assessment based on an entity's past borrowing and repayment history, reflecting how reliably it has serviced its debts over time. This involves analyzing various financial metrics, including payment history, the current level of debt, credit utilization, types of credit in use, and overall financial health.

Market data generally pertains to the trading prices and volumes of securities within the market, which does not give a historical perspective on borrowing and repayment behaviors. Valuations data focuses on assessing the current worth of an entity or asset and does not specifically address past debt obligations. Technical analysis involves evaluating securities based on statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and trading volume, and is not related to an entity's borrowing history.

Thus, the distinction lies in credit ratings uniquely encapsulating the record of borrowing behavior and repayment, which is vital for lenders and investors to gauge creditworthiness.